This is an archived course. A more recent version may be available at ocw.mit.edu.

Readings

Course readings.
WEEK #	TOPICS	READINGS
1	Orientation See the Lecture Summary	No readings
2	History of stem cell biology and axis of research See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Mintz, B., and K. Illmensee. "Normal Genetically Mosaic Mice Produced from Malignant Teratocarcinoma Cells." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72, no. 9 (September 1975): 3585-9. Paper 2 Martin, G. "Isolation of a Pluripotent Cell Line from Early Mouse Embryos Cultured in Medium Conditioned by Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78, no. 12 (December 1981): 7634-8.
3	What makes a stem cell a stem cell? Part 1 – Transcription Factors See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Chambers, I., D. Colby, M. Robertson, J. Nichols, S. Lee, S. Tweedie, and A. Smith. "Functional Expression Cloning of Nanog, a Pluripotency Sustaining Factor in Embryonic Stem Cells." Cell 113, no. 5 (May 30, 2003): 643-55. Paper 2 Wu, Q., X. Chen, J. Zhang, Y. H. Loh, T. Y. Low, W. Zhang, W. Zhang, S. K. Sze, B. Lim, and H. H. Ng. "Sall4 Interacts with Nanog and Co-occupies Nanog Genomic Sites in Embryonic Stem Cells." J Biol Chem 281, no. 34 (August 25, 2006): 24090-4. Epub 2006 July 13.
4	What makes a stem cell a stem cell? Part 2 – Chromatin Structure See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Bernstein, B. E., T. S. Mikkelsen, X. Xie, M. Kamal, D. J. Huebert, J. Cuff, B. Fry, A. Meissner, M. Wernig, K. Plath, R. Jaenisch, A. Wagschal, R. Feil, S. L. Schreiber, and E. S. Lander. "A Bivalent Chromatin Structure Marks Key Developmental Genes in Embryonic Stem Cells." Cell 125, no. 2 (April 21, 2006): 315-26. Paper 2 Lagger, S., D. Meunier, M. Mikula, R. Brunmeir, M. Schlederer, M. Artaker, O. Pusch, G. Egger, A. Hagelkruys, W. Mikulits, G. Weitzer, E. W. Muellner, M. Susani, L. Kenner, and C. Seiser. "Crucial Function of Histone Deacetylase 1 for Differentiation of Teratomas in Mice and Humans." EMBO J 29, no. 23 (December 1, 2010): 3992-4007. Epub 2010 October 22.
5	New Technologies See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Fazzio, T. G., J. T. Huff, and B. Panning. "An RNAi Screen of Chromatin Proteins Identifies Tip60-p400 as a Regulator of Embryonic Stem Cell Identity." Cell 134, no. 1 (July 11, 2008): 162-74. Paper 2 Pardo, M., B. Lang, L. Yu, H. Prosser, A. Bradley, M. M. Babu, and J. Choudhary. "An Expanded Oct4 Interaction Network: Implications for Stem Cell Biology, Development, and Disease." Cell Stem Cell 6, no. 4 (April 2, 2010): 382-95.
6	Field Trip See the Lecture Summary	No readings
7	Cloning of mammalian cells See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Gurdon, J. B. "Adult Frogs Derived From the Nuclei of Single Somatic Cells." Dev Biol 4 (April 1962): 256-73. Paper 2 Wilmut, I., A. E. Schnieke, J. McWhir, A. J. Kind, and K. H. Campbell. "Viable Offspring Derived From Fetal and Adult Mammalian Cells." Nature 385 no. 6619 (February 27, 1997): 810-13.
8	Reprogramming and Trans-differentiation - Transcription Factors, 2.0 See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Takahashi K., and S. Yamanaka. "Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells From Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors." Cell 126, no. 4 (August 25, 2006): 663-76. Paper 2 Ieda, M., J.-D. Fu, P. Delgado-Olguin, V. Vedantham, Y. Hayashi, B. G. Bruneau, and D. Srivastava. "Direct Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Functional Cardiomyocytes by Defined Factors." Cell 142 no. 3 (August 6, 2010): 375-86.
9	Are cancer-initiating cells stem cells? See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 O'Brien, C. A., A. Pollett, S. Gallinger, and J. E. Dick. "A Human Colon Cancer Cell Capable of Initiating Tumour Growth in Immunodeficient Mice." Nature 445, no. 7123 (January 4, 2007): 106-10. Paper 2 Ben-Porath, I., M. W. Thomson, V. J. Carey, R. Ge, G. W. Bell, A. Regev, and R. A. Weinberg. "An Embryonic Stem Cell-like Gene Expression Signature in Poorly Differentiated Aggressive Human Tumors." Nat Genet 40, no. 5 (May 2008): 499-507.
10	Using lessons from stem cells to treat diabetes See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Kroon, E., L. A. Martinson, K. Kadoya, A. G. Bang, O. G. Kelly, S. Eliazer, H. Young, M. Richardson, N. G. Smart, J. Cunningham, A. D. Agulnick, K. A. D'Amour, M. K. Carpenter, and E. E. Baetge. "Pancreatic Endoderm Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generates Glucose-responsive Insulin-secreting Cells in vivo." Nat Biotechnol 26, no. 4 (April 2008): 443-52. Epub 2008 February 20. Paper 2 Zhou, Q., J. Brown, A. Kanarek, J. Rajagopal, and D. A. Melton. "In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Pancreatic Exocrine Cells to Beta-Cells." Nature 455, no. 7213 (October 2, 2008): 627-32.
11	Stem cell therapies See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Thomas, E. D., H. L. Lochte, W. C. Lu, and J. W. Ferrebee. "Intravenous Infusion of Bone Marrow in Patients Receiving Radiation and Chemotherapy." N Engl J Med 257, no. 11 (September 12, 1957): 491-6. Paper 2 Taguchi, A., T. Soma, H. Tanaka, T. Kanda, H. Nishimura, H. Yoshikawa, Y. Tsukamoto, H. Iso, Y. Fujimori, D. M. Stern, H. Naritomi, and T. Matsuyama. "Administration of CD34+ Cells After Stroke Enhances Neurogenesis via Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model." J Clin Invest 114, no. 3 (August 2004): 330-8.
12	The future of regenerative medicine See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Leong, K. G., B. E. Wang, L. Johnson, and W. Q. Gao. "Generation of a Prostate From a Single Adult Stem Cell." Nature 456, no. 7223 (December 11, 2008): 804-8. Paper 2 Keirstead, H. S., G. Nistor, G. Bernal, M. Totoiu, F. Cloutier, K. Sharp, and O. Steward. "Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplants Remyelinate and Restore Locomotion After Spinal Cord Injury." J of Neuroscience 25, no. 19 (May 11, 2005): 4694-705.
13	Final assignment See the Lecture Summary	Paper 1 Mayack, S. R., J. L. Shadrach, F. S. Kim, and A J. Wagers. "Systemic Signals Regulate Ageing and Rejuvenation of Blood Stem Cell Niches. Nature 28, no. 463 (January 28, 2010): 495-500. Paper 2 Pajcini, K. V., S. Y. Corbel, J. Sage, J. H. Pomerantz, and H. M. Blau. "Transient Inactivation of Rb and ARF Yields Regenerative Cells From Postmitotic Mammalian Muscle." Cell Stem Cell 7, no. 2 (August 6, 2010): 198-213.