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Moore, B. C. J. An introduction to the psychology of hearing. 4th ed. London: Academic, 1997.
Pickles, J. O. An introduction to the physiology of hearing. 2nd ed. London: Academic, 1988.
Hartmann, W. M. Signals, sounds and sensation. Woodbury, NY: AIP Press, 1997.
Moore, B. C. J. Hearing. London: Academic, 1995.
Yost, W. A., A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. Human psychophysics. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Dallos, P., A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. The Cochlea. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
Geisler, C. D. From Sound to Synapse. New York: Oxford UP, 1998.
Ehret, G., and R. Romand. The central auditory system. New York: Oxford UP, 1997.
Oertel, D., R. R. Fay, and A. N. Popper. Integrative functions in the mammalian auditory pathway. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
Popper, A. N., and R. R. Fay. The mammalian auditory pathway: Neurophysiology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
Signal Neurons & Neuron Synapses
Aidley, D. J. The physiology of excitable cells. Camb. Univ. Press, 1971, 1-468.
Brightman, M. W., and T. S. Reese. "Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain." J Cell Biol 40 (1969): 648-677.
Catterall, W. A. "The molecular basis of neuronal excitability." Science 223 (1984): 653-661.
Eccles, J. C. The physiology of nerve cells. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1957, 1-270.
Jessell, T. M., and E. R. Kandel. "Synaptic transmission: a bidirectional and self-modifiable form of cell-cell communication." Cell 72 (1993): 1-30.
Koch, C., and I. Segev. "The Role of single neurons in information processing." Nature America 3 (2000): 1171-1177.
Nicholls, J. G., A. R. Martin, and B. G. Wallace. From neuron to brain. Sunderland, MA: Dunderland, Sinauer Asso, 1992, 1-807.
Rall, W. "Core conductor theory and cable properties of neurons." In Handbook of physiology, part 1, cellular biology of neurons. Edited by E.R. Kandel. Bethseda, MD: Am. Physiol Soc., 1977, 39-97.
Rall, W., R. E. Burke, T. G. Smith, P. G. Nelson, and K. Frank. "Dendritic location of synapses and possible mechanisms for the monosynaptic EPSP in motoneurons." J. Neurophysiol 30 (1967): 1169-1193.
Shepherd, G. M. Neurobiology. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1994.
Smith, T. G., R. B. Wuerker, and K. Frank. "Membrane impedence changes during synaptic transmission in cat spinal motoneurons." J. Neurophysiol 30 (1967): 1072-1096.
Spruston, N. Schiller, Y., G. Stuart, and B. Sakmann. "Activity-dependent action potential invasion and calcium influx into hippocampal CA1 dendrites." Science 268 (1995): 297-300.
Patuzzi, R. "Cochlear Micomechanics and Macromechanics." In The Cochlea. Edited by P. J. Dallos, A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996, 186-257.
Greenberg, S., and M. Slaney. Computational models of auditory function. IOS Press, 2001.
Hawkins, H. L., T. A. McMullen, A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. Auditory computation. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
Delgutte, B. "Physiological models for basic auditory percepts." In Auditory Computation. Edited by H. Hawkins, T. McMullen, A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. New York: Springer Verlag, 1996, 157-220.
------ "Auditory neural processing of speech." In The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences. Edited by W. J. Hardcastle, and J. Laver. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997, 507-538.
Evans, E. "The cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus." In Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Edited by D. N. W.D. Keidel. Heidelberg: Springer, 1975, 1-109.
Guinan, J. J. J. "Physiology of olivocochlear efferents." In The cochlea. Edited by P. Dallos, A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay. New York: Springer, 1996, 435-502.
Kiang, N. Y. S. "Peripheral neural processing of auditory information." In Handbook of Physiology-The nervous system III. 1984, 639-674.
Pickles, J. O. An Introduction to the Physiology of Hearing. London: Academic Press, 1998.
Auditory Nerves: Original Reports
Berglund, A. M., and D. K. Ryugo. "Hair cell innervation by spiral ganglion neurons in the adult mouse." J. Comp. Neurol 255 (1987): 560-570.
Delgutte, B. "Representation of speech-like sounds in the discharge patterns of auditory-nerve fibers." J Acoust Soc Am 68 (1980): 843-857.
------ "Two-tone suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: Dependence on suppressor frequency and level." Hearing Research 49 (1990): 225-246.
Delgutte, B., and N. Y. S. Kiang. "Speech coding in the auditory nerve: IV. Sounds with consonant-like dynamic characteristics." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 75, no. 3 (1984): 897-918.
Evans, E. F. "Frequency selectivity at high signal levels of single units in cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus." In Psychophysics and Physiology of Hearing. Edited by E. F. Evans, and J. P. Wilson. London: Academic, 1977, 185-192.
Hudspeth, A. J., and D. P. Corey. "Sensitivity, polarity, and conductance change in the response of vertebrate hair cells to controlled mechanical stimuli." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74 (1977): 2407-2411.
Javel, E., J. A. McGee, W. Horst, and G. R. Farley. "Temporal mechanisms in auditory stimulus codin." In Auditory Function: Neurological Bases of Hearing. Edited by G. M. Edelman, W. E. Gall, and W. M. Cowan. New York: Wiley, 1988, 515-558.
Johnson, D. H. "The relationship between spike rate and synchrony in responses of auditory-nerve fibers to single tones." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, no. 4 (1980): 1115-1122.
Kiang, N. Y. S., T. Watanabe, E. C. Thomas, and L. F. Clark. Discharge Patterns of Single Fibers in the Cat's Auditory Nerve. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1965.
Liberman, M. C. "Auditory-nerve responses from cats raised in a low-noise chamber." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63 (1978): 442-455.
Liberman, M. C. "The cochlear frequency map for the cat: Labeling auditory-nerve fibers of known characteristic frequency." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, no. 5 (1982): 1441-1449.
Liberman, M. C., L. W. Dodds, and S. Pierce. "Afferent and efferent innervation of the cat cochlea: quantitative analysis with light and electron microscopy." J. Comp. Neurol. 301 (1990): 443-460.
Liberman, M. C., and M. J. Mulroy. "Acute and chronic effects of acoustic trauma: Cochlear pathology and auditory nerve pathophysiology." In New perspectives on noise-induced hearing loss. Edited by R. P. Hamernik, D. Henderson, and R. Salvi. New York: Raven, 1982, 105-135.
Liberman, M. C., and M. E. Oliver. "Morphometry of intracellularly labeled neurons of the auditory nerve: Correlations with functional properties." J. Comp. Neurol 223 (1984): 163-176.
Narayan, S. S., A. N. Temchin, A. Recio, and M. A. Ruggero. "Frequency tuning of basilar membrane and auditory nerve fibers in the same cochleae." Science 282 (1998): 1882-1883.
Palmer, A. R., and I. J. Russell. "Phase-locking in the cochlear nerve of the guinea pig and its relation to the receptor potential of inner hair cells." Hearing Res. 24 (1986): 1-15.
Sachs, M. B., and N. Y. S. Kiang. "Two-tone inhibition in auditory-nerve fibers." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 43 (1968): 1120-1128.
Sachs, M. B., R. L. Winslow, and B. H. A. Sokolowski. "A computational model for rate-level functions from cat auditory-nerve fibers." Hearing Res. 41 (1989): 61-70.
Sachs, M. B., and E. D. Young. "Encoding of steady-state vowels in the auditory nerve: Representation in terms of discharge rate." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66 (1979): 470-479.
Wiederhold, M. L., and N. Y. S. Kiang. "Effects of electric stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on single auditory-nerve fibers in the cat." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 48 (1970): 950-965.
Delgutte, B. "Auditory neural processing of speech." In The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences. Edited by W. J. Hardcastle, and J. Laver. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997, 507-538.
Ehret, G., and M. M. Merzenich. "Complex sound analysis (frequency resolution, filtering and spectral integration) by single units of the inferior colliculus of the cat." Brain Res Rev 13 (1988): 139-163.
Frisina, R. D., R. L. Smith, and S. C. Chamberlain. "Differential encoding of rapid changes in sound amplitude by second-order auditory neurons." Exp Brain Res 60 (1985): 417-422.
Grothe, B., and G. M. Klump. "Temporal processing in sensory systems." Curr Opin Neurobiol 10 (2000): 467-473.
Grothe, E. "Interaction of excitation and inhibition in processing of pure tone and amplitude-modulated stimuli in the medial superior olive of the mustached bat." J Neurophysiology 71 (1994): 706-721.
Heil, P., and D. R. Irvine. "First-spike timing of auditory-nerve fibers and comparison with auditory cortex." J Neurophysiol 78 (1997): 2438-2454.
Hewitt, M. J., and R. Meddis. "A computer model of amplitude-modulation sensitivity of single units in the inferior colliculus." J. Acoust Soc. Am. 95 (1994): 2145-2159.
Irvine, D. "Physiology of the auditory brainstem." In The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neurophysiology. Edited by A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. New-York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, 153-231.
Javel, E., and J. Mott. "Physiological and psychophysical correlates of temporal processes in hearing." Hear Res 34 (1988): 275-294.
Johnson, D. H. "The relationship between spike rate and synchrony in responses of auditory-nerve fibers to single tones." J. Acoust Soc. Am. 68, no. 4 (1980): 1115-1122.
Joris, P. X., and T. C. T. Yin. "Responses to amplitude-modulated tones in the auditory nerve of the cat." J. Acoust Soc. Am. 91 (1992): 215-232.
Joris, P. X., L. H. Carney, P. H. Smith, and T. C. T. Yin. "Enhancement of neural synchronization in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. I. Responses to tones at the characteristic frequency." J Neurophysiol 71 (1994): 1022-1036.
Kiang, N. Y. S., and W. T. Peake. "Physics and physiology of hearing." In Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology. Edited by R. C. Atkinson, R. J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, and R. D. Luce. New York: Wiley, 1988, 277-326.
Kim, D. O., J. G. Sirianni, and S. O. Chang. "Responses of DCN-PVCN neurons and auditory nerve fibers in unanesthetized decerebrate cats to AM and pure tones: Analysis with autocorrelation/ power spectrum." Hearing Research 45 (1990): 95-113.
Krishna, B. S., and M. N. Semple. "Auditory temporal processing: responses to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones in the inferior colliculus." J Neurophysiol 84 (2000): 255-273.
Langner, G., and C. E. Schreiner. "Periodicity coding in the inferior colliculus of the cat. I. Neuronal mechanisms." J Neurophysiol 60 (1988): 1799-1822.
Licklider, J. C. R. "A duplex theory of pitch perception." Experientia 7 (1951): 128-134.
McKinney, M. F., and B. Delgutte. "A possible neurophysiological basis of the octave enlargement effect." J. Acoust Soc. Am. 73 (1999): 1694-1700.
McKinney, M. F., M. J. Tramo, and B. Delgutte. "Neural correlates of the dissonance of musical intervals in the inferior colliculus." In Physiological and Psychophysical Bases of Auditory Function. Edited by D. J. Breebaart, A. J. M. Houtsma, A. Kohlrausch, V. F. Prijs, and R. Schoonhoven. Maastricht: Shaker, 2001, 83-89.
Merzenich, M. M., and M. D. Reid. "Representation of the cochlea within the inferior colliculus of the cat." Brain Res 77 (1974): 397-415.
Neuert, V., D. Pressnitzer, R. D. Patterson, and I. M. Winter. "The responses of single units in the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig to damped and ramped sinusoids." Hear Res 159 (2001): 36-52.
Phillips, D. P., M. N. Semple, and L. M. Kitzes. "Factors shaping the tone level sensitivity of single neurons in posterior field of cat auditory cortex." J Neurophysiol 73 (1995): 674-686.
Portfors, C. V., and J. J. Wenstrup. "Delay-tuned neurons in the inferior colliculus of the mustached bat: implications for analyses of target distance." J Neurophysiol 82 (1999): 1326-1338.
Rhode, W. S., and P. Smith. "Encoding of timing and intensity in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the cat." J Neurophysiol 56 (1986): 261-286.
Rhode, W. S., and S. Greenberg. "Physiology of the cochlear nuclei." In The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neurophysiology. Edited by A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, 94-152.
------"Encoding of amplitude modulation in the cochlear nucleus of the cat." J Neurophysiology 71 (1994): 1797-1825.
Rieke, F., D. Warland, R. de Ruyter van Steveninck, and W. Bialek. Spikes. Exploring the neural code. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
Rouiller, E. M., Y. de Ribaupierre, and F. de Ribaupierre. "Phase-locked responses to low frequency tones in the medial geniculate body." Hearing Res 1 (1979): 213-226.
Schreiner, C. E., and J. V. Urbas. "Representation of amplitude modulation in the auditory cortex of the cat. I. The anterior auditory field (AAF)". Hear Res 21 (1986): 227-241.
------"Representation of amplitude modulation in the auditory cortex of the cat: II Comparison between cortical fields." Hearing Res 32 (1988): 49-64.
Superior Olivary Complex: Reviews
Helfert, R. H., and A. Aschoff. "Superior olivary complex and nuclei of lateral lemniscus." In The central auditory system. Edited by G. Ehret, and R. Romand. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1997, 193-258.
Irvine, D. R. F. The Auditory Brainstem. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
Irvine, D. "Physiology of the auditory brainstem." In The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neurophysiology. Edited by A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. New-York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, 153-231.
Schwartz, I. R. "The superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscal nuclei." In The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neuroanatomy. Edited by D. B. Webster, A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, 117-167.
Tsuchitani, C., and D. H. Johnson. "Binaural cues and signal processing in the superior olivary complex." In Neurobiology of hearing: The central auditory system. Edited by R. A. Altschuler, R. P. Bobbin, B. M. Clopton, and D. W. Hoffman. New York: Raven, 1991.
Superior Olivary Complex: Original Reports
Banks, M., and P. H. Smith. "Intracellular recordings from neurobiotin-labeled cells in brain slices of the rat medial nucleus of the trapezoid body." J. Neurosci 12 (1992): 2819-2837.
Boudreau, J. C., and C. Tsuchitani. "Cat superior olive S-segment cell discharge to tonal stimulation." In Contributions to sensory physiology. Vol. 4. Edited by W.D. Neff. New York: Academic, 1970, 143-213.
Caird, D., and R. Klinke. "Processing of binaural stimuli by cat superior olivary complex neurons." Exper. Brain Res. 52 (1983): 385-399.
Cant, N. B. "Projections to the lateral and medial superior olivary nuclei from the spherical and globular bushy cells of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus." In Neurobiology of Hearing: The Central Auditory System. Edited by R. A. Altschuler, R. P. Bobbin, B. M. Clopton, and D. W. Hoffman. New York: Raven Press, Ltd., 1991.
Carr, C. E., and M. Konishi. "Axonal delay lines for time measurement in the owl's brainstem." PNAS 85 (1988): 8311-8315.
Fitzpatrick, D. G., R. Batra, T. R. Stanford, and S. Kuwada. "A neuronal population code for sound localization." Nature 388 (1997): 871-874.
Goldberg, J. M., and P. B. Brown. "Functional organization of the dog superior olivary complex: An anatomical and electrophysiological study." J Neurophysiol 31 (1968): 639-656.
------ "Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: Some physiological mechanisms of sound localization." J. Neurophysiol 32 (1969): 613-636.
Guinan, J. J., Jr. B. E. Norris, and S. S. Guinan. "Single auditory units in the superior olivary complex. II: Locations of unit categories and tonotopic organization." Int. J. Neurosci 4 (1972): 147-166.
Guinan, J. J. J.a L., R. Y. S. "Signal processing in brainstem auditory neurons which receive giant endings (calyces of Held) in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat." Hearing Res. 49 (1990): 321-334.
Joris, P. X., and T. C. T. Yin. "Envelope coding in the lateral superior olive. I. Sensitivity to interaural time differences." J Neurophysiol 73 (1995): 1043-1062.
Konishi, M. "Study of sound localization by owls and its relevance to humans." Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A 126 (2000): 459-469.
Köppl, C. "Phase locking to high frequencies in the auditory nerve and nucleus magnocellularis of the barn owl." J. Neurosci 17 (1997): 3312-3321.
Knudsen, E. I., and M. Konishi. "A neural map for auditory space in the owl." Science 200 (1978): 795-797.
Masterton, B., G. C. Thompson, J. K. Bechtold, and M. J. RoBards. "Neuroanatomical basis of binaural phase-difference analysis for sound localization: A comparative study." J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. 89 (1975): 379-386.
Morest, D. K. "The growth of synaptic endings in the mammalian brain: A study of the calyces of the trapezoid body." Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch 127 (1968): 201-220.
Smith, P. H., P. X. Joris, and T. C. T. Yin. "Projections of physiologically characterized spherical bushy cell axons from the cochlear nucleus of the cat: Evidence for delay lines to the medial superior olive." J. Comp. Neurol 331 (1993): 245-260.
Smith, P. H., P. X. Joris, and T. C. T. Yin. "Anatomy and physiology of principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body." J. Neurophysiol 79 (1998): 3127-3142.
Stotler, W. A. "An experimental study of the cells and connections of the superior olivary complex of the cat." J. Comp. Neurol 98 (1953): 410-432.
Sullivan, W. E., and M. Konishi. "Segregation of stimulus phase and intensity coding in the cochlear nucleus of the barn owl." J. Neurosci 4 (1984): 1787-1799.
Takahashi, T., A. Moiseff, and M. Konishi. "Time and intensity cues are processed independently in the auditory system of the owl." J. Neurosci 4 (1984): 1781-1786.
Tsuchitani, C. "Discharge patterns of cat lateral superior olivary units to ipsilateral tone-burst stimuli." J. Neurophysiol 47 (1982): 479-500.
Yin, T. C. T., and J. C. K. Chan. "Interaural time sensitivity in medial superior olive of cat." J. Neurophysiol 64 (1990): 465-488.
Yin, T. C. T., P. X. Joris, P. H. Smith, and J. C. K. Chan. "Neuronal processing for coding interaural time disparities." In Binaural and spatial hearing. Edited by R. H. Gilkey, and T. R. Anderson. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1997.
Zook, J. M., and R. A. DiCaprio. Intracellular labeling of afferents to the lateral superior olive in the bat, Eptesicus. 1988.
Medial Geniculate and Cortex: Reviews
Clarey, J. C., P. Barone, and T. J. Imig. "Physiology of thalamus and cortex." In The mammalian auditory pathway: neurophysiology. Edited by B. B. Webster, A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, 232-334.
DeRibaupierre, F. "Acoustical information processing in the auditory thalamus and cerebral cortex." In The central auditory system. Edited by G. Ehret, and R. Romand. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997, 317-397.
Medial Geniculate and Cortex: Original Reports
Brugge, J. F., and M. M. Merzenich. "Responses of neurons in auditory cortex of the macaque monkey to monaural and binaural stimulation." J. Neurophysiol 36 (1973): 1138-1158.
Calford, M. B., and L. M. Aitkin. "Ascending projections to the medial geniculate body of the cat: evidence for multiple, parallel auditory pathways through thalamus." J. Neurosci 3 (1983): 2365-2380.
Celesia, G. G. "Organization of auditory cortical areas in man." Brain 99 (1976): 403-414.
Clarey, J. C., P. Barone, and T. J. Imig. "Functional organization of sound direction and sound pressure level in primary auditory cortex of the cat." J. Neurophysiol 72 (1994): 2383-2405.
DeCharms, R. C., D. T. Blake, and M. M. Merzenich. "Optimizing sound features for cortical neurons." Science 280 (1998): 1439-1443.
Diamond, I. T., and W. D. Neff. "Ablation of temporal cortex and discrimination of auditory patterns." J. Neurophysiol 20 (1957): 300-315.
Diamond, I. T., J. M. Goldberg, and W. D. Neff. "Tonal discrimination after ablation of auditory cortex." J. Neurophysiol 25 (1962): 223-235.
Heil, P., R. Rajan, and D. R. F. Irvine. "Topographic representation of tone intensity along the siofrequency axis of cat primary auditory cortex." Hearing Res. 76 (1994): 188-202.
Hubel, D. H., and T. N. Wiesel. "Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex." J. Physiol 148 (1959): 574-591.
Hubel, D. H., and T. N. Wiesel. "Receptive fields, binocular interaction, and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex." J. Physiol 160 (1962): 106-154.
Imig, T. J., and H. O. Arian. "Binaural columns in the primary field (AI) of cat auditory cortex." Brain Res. 138 (1977): 241-257.
Imig, T. J., and R. A. Reale. "Patterns of cortico-cortical connections related to tonotopic maps in cat auditory cortex." J. Comp. Neurol 192 (1980): 293-332.
Imig, T. J. and A. Morel. "Tonotopic organization in lateral part of posterior group of thalamic nuclei in the cat." J. Neurophysiol 53 (1985): 836-852.
LeDoux, "Emotion, memory and the brain." Sci. Am. (June 1994): 50-57.
Morest, D. K. "The neuronal architecture of the medial geniculate body of the cat." J. Anat. (London) 98 (1964): 611-630.
Peterson, B. A., and J. A. Winer. "Lminar and areal patterns of input to suditory cortical fields from the cat medial geniculate body." (1993). In preparation.
Phillips, B. A., S. S. Orman, A. D. Musicant, and G. F. Wilson. "Neurons in the cat's primary auditory cortex distinguished by their responses to tones and wide-spectrum noise." Hearing Res. 18 (1985): 73-86.
Robertson, D., and D. R. F. Irvine. "Plasticity of frequency organization in auditory cortex of guinea pigs with partial unilateral deadness. " J. Comp. Neurol 282 (1989): 456-471.
Romanski, L. M., and J. E. LeDoux. "Bilateral destruction of neocortical and perirhinal projection targets of the acoustic thalamus does not disrupt auditory fearr conditioning." Neurosci. Lett. 142 (1992): 228-232.
Ruiller, E. M., G. M. Simm, A. E. P. Villa, Y. de Ribaupierre, and F. de Ribaupierre. "Auditory corticocortical interconnections in the cat: evidence for parallel and hierarchical arrangement of the auditory cortical areas." Exp. Brain Res. 86 (1991): 483-505.
Zeki, S. "The visual image in mind and brain." Sci. Am. (September 1992): 69-76.