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Readings

 
Readings (PDF)
Recommended Readings
Although the lecture notes represent the only required reading material for this course, time constraints prohibit a comprehensive coverage of all essential topics in gastroenterology. You are therefore highly encouraged to supplement your reading during the course by the following two resources:

"The Gastrointestinal Tract" (chap. 18), "Liver and the Biliary Tract" (chap. 19), and "The Pancreas" (chap. 20) in Robbins Pathological Basis of Diseases. 6th ed. W. B. Saunders Co., 1998. (Countway Course Reserve).

Gastroenterology, Saunders Text and Review Series. W. B. Saunders Co., 1997. (Countway Course Reserve).

Both of the above resources are well-written and concise, and include high-quality photographs and radiographs of classical gastrointestinal diseases. In addition to the above basic reading material, you may want to browse the following comprehensive texts and keep them in mind for future reference:

Histology and Pathology:

Chandrasoma, P. Gastrointestinal Pathology. Stamford, Conn.: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

Fawcett, D. W., and W. Bloom. et alA Textbook of Histology. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

Fenoglio-Preiser, C. M. Gastrointestinal Pathology: An Atlas and Text. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1999.

Ming, S. C., and H. Goldman. Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998.

MacSween, R. N. M. Pathology of the Liver. Edinburgh, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2001.

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology:

Gore, R. M., and M. S. Levine. Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiography. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 2000.

Schiff, E. R., and M. F. Sorrell. et al. Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998.

Sherlock, S., and J. Dooley. Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Oxford, Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Science, 2001.

Feldman, M., B. and Scharschmidt. et alSleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, 2002.

Tahara, E. Molecular Pathology of Gastroenterological Cancer: Application to Clinical Practice. Tokyo; New York: Springer, 1997.

Zakim, D., and Boyer T. Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 2002.

Bibliography of Additional References
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Blijlevens, N. M., J. P. Donnelly, and B. E. De Pauw. "Mucosal Barrier Injury: Biology, Pathology, Clinical Counterparts and Consequences of Intensive Treatment for Haematological Malignancy: An Overview." Bone Marrow Transplant 25, 12 (2000): 1269-78.

Nervi, F. "Significance of Biliary Phospholipids for Maintenance of the Gastrointestinal Mucosal Barrier and Hepatocellular Integrity [editorial]". Gastroenterology 118, 6 (2000): 1265-7.

Ouellette, A. J. "IV Paneth Cell Antimicrobial Peptides and the Biology of the Mucosal Barrier." Am J Physiol 277, 2 Pt 1 (1999): G257-61.

Perdue, M. H. "Mucosal Immunity and Inflammation III. The Mucosal Antigen barrier: Cross Talk with Mucosal Cytokines." Am J Physiol 277, 1 Pt 1 (1999): GI-5.

DeWitt, R. C., and K. A. Kudsk. "The Gut's Role in Metabolism, Mucosal Barrier Function, and Gut Immunology." Infect Dis Clin North Am 13, 2 (1999): 465-81, x.

Diebel, L. N. et al. "Synergistic Effect of Hyperoxia and Unmunoglobulin A on Mucosal Barrier Defense." J Trauma 46, 3 (1999): 374-8; discussion 378-9.

Rescigno, M., M. Urbano, B. Valzasina, M. Francolini, G. Rotta, R. Bonasio, F. Granucci, J. P. Kraehenbuhl, and P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli. "Dendritic Cells Express Tight Junction Proteins and Penetrate Gut Epithelial Monolayers to Sample Bacteria." Nat Immunol 2 (2001): 361-367.

Turner, J. R. " 'Putting the Squeeze' on the Tight Junction: Understanding Cytoskeletal Regulation." Semin Cell Dev Bioi 11, 4 (2000): 301-8.

Mitic, L. L., C. M. Van ltallie, and J. M. Anderson. "Molecular Physiology and Pathophysiology of Tight Junctions I. Tight Junction Structure and Function: Lessons from Mutant Animals and Proteins." Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 279, 2 (2000): G250-4.

Nusrat, A. et al. "The Coiled-Coil Domain of Occludin can Act to Organize Structural and Functional Elements of the Epithelial Tight Junction." J Bioi Chem 275, 38 (2000): 29816-22.

Bazzoni, G. et al. "Interaction of Junctional Adhesion Molecule with the Tight Junction Components ZO-1, Cingulin, and Occludin." J Biol Chem 275, 27 (2000): 20520-6.

Hopkins, A. M. et al. "Modulation of Tight Junction Function by G Protein-Coupled Events." Adv Drug Deliv Rev 41, 3 (2000): 329-40.

Clarke, H. et al. "Modification of Tight Junction Function by Protein Kinase C Isoforms." Adv Drug Deliv Rev 41, 3 (2000): 283-301.

Walsh, S. V., A. M. Hopkins, and A. Nusrat. "Modulation of Tight Junction Structure and Function by Cytokines." Adv Drug Deliv Rev 41, 3 (2000): 303-13.

Lapierre, L. A. "The Molecular Structure of the Tight Junction." Adv Drug Deliv Rev 41, 3 (2000): 255-64.

Tsukita, S., and M. Furuse. "Pores in the Wall: Claudins Constitute Tight Junction Strands Containing Aqueous Pores." J Cell Biol 149, 1 (2000): 13-6.

Fujita, H. et al. "Molecular Deciphennent of Rho Effector Pathways Regulating Tight-Junction Penneability." Biochem J 346, Pt 3 (2000): 617-22.

Kinugasa, T., T. Sakaguchi, X. Gu, and H. C. Reinecker. "Claudins Regulate the Intestinal Barrier in Response to Immune Mediators." Gastroenterology 118 (2000): 1001-1011.

Sabri, S. et al. "Glycocalyx Modulation is a Physiological Means of Regulating Cell Adhesion." J Cell Sci 113, Pt 9 (2000): 1589-600.

Kovbasnjuk, O. N., and K. R. Spring. "The Apical Membrane Glycocalyx of MDCK cells." J Membr Biol 176, 1 (2000): 19-29.

Gebhard, A., and A. Gebert. "Brush Cells of the Mouse Intestine Possess a Specialized Glycocalyx as Revealed by Quantitative Lectin Histochemistry. Further Evidence for a Sensory Function." J Histochem Cytochem 47, 6 (1999): 799-808.

Mantis, N. J., A. Frey, and M. R. Neutra. "Accessibility of Glycolipid and Oligosaccharide Epitopes on Rabbit Villus and Follicle-Associated Epithelium." Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278, 6 (2000): G915-23.

Sierro, F. et al. "Transient Expression of M-cell Phenotype by Enterocyte-like Cells of the Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Mouse Peyer's Patches. Gastroenterology 119, 3 (2000): 734-43.

Meynell, H. M. et al. "Up-regulation of Microsphere Transport Across the Follicle-associated Epithelium of Peyer's Patch by Exposure to Streptococcus Pneumoniae R36a." FASEB J 13, 6 (1999): 611-9.

Debard, N., F. Sierro, and J. P. Kraehenbuhl. "Development of Peyer's Patches, Follicle-associated Epithelium and M Cell: Lessons from Immunodeficient and Knockout Mice." Semin Immunol 11, 3 (1999): 183-91.

Yamamoto, M. et al. "Alternate Mucosal Immune System: Organized Peyer's Patches are Not Required for IgA Responses in the Gastrointestinal Tract." J Immunol 164, 10 (2000): 5184-91.

Laky, K. et al. "Enterocyte Expression of Interleukin 7 Induces Development of Gammadelta T Cells and Peyer's Patches." J Exp Med 191, 9 (2000): 1569-80.

Iwasaki, A., and B. L. Kelsall. "Localization of Distinct Peyer's Patch Dendritic Cell Subsets and their Recruitment by Chemokines Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP) - 3alpha, MIP-3beta, and Secondary Lymphoid Organ Chemokine." J Exp Med 191, 8 (2000): 1381-94.

Warnock, R. A. et al. "The Role of Chemokines in the Microenvironmental Control of T Versus B Cell Arrest in Peyer's Patch High Endothelial Venules." J Exp Med 191, 1 (2000): 77-88.

Hathaway, L. J., and J. P. Kraehenbuhl. "The Role of M Cells in Mucosal Immunity." Cell Mol Life Sci 57, 2 (2000): 323-32.

Fujimura, Y. "Evidence of M Cells as Portals of Entry for Antigens in the Nasopharyngeal Lymphoid Tissue of Humans." Virchows Arch 436, 6 (2000): 560-6.

Lelouard, H. et al. "Mucin-Related Epitopes Distinguish M Cells and Enterocytes in Rabbit Appendix and Peyer's patches." Infect Immun 67, 1 (1999): 357-67.

Neutra, M. R. "M Cells in Antigen Sampling in Mucosal Tissues." Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 236 (1999): 17-32.

———. "Interactions of Viruses and Microparticles with Apical Plasma Membranes of M Cells: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission." J Infect Dis 179, Suppl 3 (1999): S441-3.

Owen, R. L. "Uptake and Transport of Intestinal Macromolecules and Microorganisms by M Cells in Peyer's Patches - a Personal and Historical Perspective." Semin Immunol 11, 3 (1999): 157-63.

Sansonetti, P. J., and A. Phalipon. "M Cells as Ports of Entry for Enteroinvasive Pathogens: Mechanisms of Interaction, Consequences for the Disease Process." Semin Immunol 11, 3 (1999): 193-203.

Borghesi, C., M. J. Taussig, and C. Nicoletti. "Rapid Appearance of M Cells After Microbial Challenge is Restricted at the Periphery of the Follicle-associated Epithelium of Peyer's Patch." Lab Invest 79, 11 (1999): 1393-401.

Janin, N. "A Simple Model for Carcinogenesis of Colorectal Cancers with Microsatellite Instability." Adv Cancer Res 77 (2000): 189-221.

Crew, T. E., D. J. Elder, and C. Paraskeva. "A Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Selective Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Enhances the Growth Inhibitory Effect of Butyrate in Colorectal Carcinoma Celli Expressing COX-2 Protein: Regulation of COX-2 by Butyrate." Carcinogenesis 21, 1 (2000): 69-77.

Park, W. S. et al. "A Distinct Tumor Suppressor Gene Locus on Chromosome 15q21.1 in Sporadic Form of Colorectal Cancer." Cancer Res 60, 1 (2000): 70-3.

Chapple, K. S. et al. "Localization of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas." Am J Pathol 156, 2 (2000): 545-53.

Brabletz, T. et al. "Expression of Nuclear Beta-catenin and C-myc is Correlated with Tumor Size but not with Proliferative Activity of Colorectal Adenomas." Am J Pathol 156, 3 (2000): 865-70.

Roncucci, L. et al. "Aberrant Crypt Foci in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cell and Crypt Dynamics." Cell Prolif 33, 1 (2000): 1-18.

O'Brien, H. et al. "K-ras Mutations, Rectal Crypt Cells Proliferation, and Meat Consumption in Patients with Left-sided Colorectal Carcinoma." Eur J Cancer Prev 9, 1 (2000): 41-7.

Wang, M. H., A. L. Kurtz, and Y. Chen. "Identification of a Novel Splicing Product of the RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells." Carcinogenesis 21, 8 (2000): 1507-12.

Tomlinson, I. "Different Pathways of Colorectal Carcinogenesis and their Clinical Pictures." Ann N Y Acad Sci 910 (2000): 10-8; discussion 18-20.

Boland, C. R. "Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer." Ann NY Acad Sci 910 (2000): 50-9; discussion 59-61.

Giardina, C., H. Boulares, and M. S. Inan. "NSAIDs and Butyrate Sensitize a Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line to TNF-alpha and Fas Ligation: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species." Biochim Biophys Acta 1448, 3 (1999): 425-38.

Sakuma, K. et al. "Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Immunoreactivity and Relationship to p53 and Ki-67 Expression in Colorectal Cancer." J Gastroenterol 34, 2 (1999): 189-94.

Abdel-Rahman, W. M. et al. "Role of BAX Mutations in Mismatch Repair-deficient Colorectal Carcinogenesis." Oncogene 18, 12 (1999): 2139-42.

Breivik, J., and G. Gaudemack. "Genomic Instability, DNA Methylation, and Natural Selection in Colorectal Carcinogenesis." Semin Cancer Biol 9, 4 (1999): 245-54.

Dyas, M. et al. "Genetic Pathways in Colorectal and Other Cancers." Eur J Cancer 35, 3 (1999): 335-51.

Yan, P. et al. "Telomerase Activation in Colorectal Carcinogenesis." J Pathol 189, 2 (1999): 207-12.

Dannenberg, A. J., and D. Zakim. "Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer Through Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2." Semin Oncol 26, 5 (1999): 499-504.

Liu, T. et al. "Missense Mutations in hMLH1 Associated with Colorectal Cancer." Hum Genet 105, 5 (1999): 437-41.

Valentini, A. M. et al. "Programmed Cell Death in Colorectal Carcinogenesis." Anticancer Res 19, 4B (1999): 3019-24.

Jiricny, J., and M. "Nystrom-Lahti. Mismatch Repair Defects in Cancer." Curr Opin Genet Dev 10, 2 (2000): 15761.

Karnes, W. E., Jr. "Implications of Low COX-2 Expression in Colorectal Neoplasms with Defective DNA Mismatch Repair." J Cell Biochem 77, S34 (2000): 23-27.

Johannsdottir, J. T. et al. "The Effect of Mismatch Repair Deficiency on Tumourigenesis; Microsatellite Instability Affecting Genes Containing Short Repeated Sequences." Int J Oncol 16, 1 (2000): 133-9.

Lipkin, S. M. et al. "MLH3: A DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Associated with Mammalian Microsatellite Instability." Nat Genet 24, 1 (2000): 27-35.

Lino, H. et al. "DNA Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair Protein Loss in Adenomas Presenting in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer." Gut 47, 1 (2000): 37-42.

Morteau, O. et al. "Impaired Mucosal Defense to Acute Colonic Injury in Mice Lacking Cyclooxygenase-l or Cyclooxygenase-2." J Clin Invest 105, 4 (2000): 469-78.

Slomiany, B. L., and A. Slomiany. "Induction of Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1 in Gastric Mucosal Injury by Idomethacin." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 269, 2 (2000): 377-81.

Kelly, D. et al. "Endothelial Changes Precede Mucosal Ulceration Induced by Indomethacin: An Experimental Study in the Rat." Aliment Phannacol Ther 14, 4 (2000): 489-96.

Takahashi, N. et al. "Importance of Gap Junction in Gastric Mucosal Restitution nom Acid-induced Injury." J Lab Clin Med 136, 2 (2000): 93-9.

Vazquez, I. et al. "Protective Effect of Enriched Diet Plus Growth Hormone Administration on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury and on its Evolutionary Pattern in the Rat." Dig Dis Sci 44, 11 (1999): 2350-8.

Mylonas, P. G. et al. "Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Protect Intestinal Cells Nom Radiation Induced Apoptosis." Mol Cell Endocrinol 160, 1-2 (2000): 115-22.

Whittle, B. J. "Pharmacological Approach to the Prevention of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-induced Gastropathy." Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31, (Supplement 1) (1999): S43-7.

Dumenil, G., P. Sansonetti, and G. Tran Van Nhieu. "Src Tyrosine Kinase Activity Down-regulates Rho-dependent Responses during Shigella Entry into Epithelial Cells and Stress Fibre Formation." J Cell Sci 113, (Pt 1) (2000): 71-80.

Wenneras, C. et al. "Blockade of CD14 Increases Shigella-mediated Invasion and Tissue Destruction." J Immunol 164, 6 (2000): 3214-21.

Bourdet-Sicard, R. et al. "Diversion of Cytoskeletal Processes by Shigella During Invasion of Epithelial Cells." Microbes Infect 2, 7 (2000): 813-9.

Philpott, D. J. et al. "Invasive Shigella Flexneri Activates NF-kappa B Through a: Lipopolysaccharide-dependent Innate Intracellular Response and Leads to IL-8 Expression in Epithelial Cells." J Immunol 165, 2 (2000): 903-14.

Mimuro, H. et al. "Profilin is Required for Sustaining Efficient Intra- and Intercellular Spreading of Shigella Flexneri." J Bioi Chem 275, 37 (2000): 28893-901.

Sansonetti, P. I. et al. "Caspase-1 Activation of lL-1beta and IL-18 are Essential for Shigella Flexneri-induced Inflammation." Immunity 12, 5 (2000): 581-90.

Suzuki, T. et al. "Rho Family GTPase Cdc42 is Essential for the Actin-based Motility of Shigella in Mammalian Cells." J Exp Med 191, 11 (2000): 1905-20.

Vimal, D. B. et al. "Intestinal Mucins: The Binding Sites for Salmonella Typhimurium." Mol Cell Biochem 204, 1-2 (2000): 107-17.

Gewirtz, A. T. et al. "Salmonella Typhimurium Induces Epithelial IL-8 Expression via Ca(2+)-mediated Activation of the NF-kappaB Pathway." J Clin Invest 105, 1 (2000): 79-92.

Murray, R. A., and C. A. Lee. "Invasion Genes are not Required for Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium to Breach the Intestinal Epithelium: Evidence that Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 has Alternative Functions During Infection." Infect Immun 68, 9 (2000): 5050-5.

Wallis, T. S., and E. E. Galyov. "Molecular Basis of Salmonella-induced Enteritis." Mol Microbiol 36, 5 (2000): 997-1005.

Zhang, X. L. et al. "Salmonella Enteric a Serovar Typhi Uses Type IVB Pili to Enter Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells." Infect lmmun 68, 6 (2000): 3067-73.

Kingsley, R. A. et al. "The shdA Gene is Restricted to Serotypes of Salmonella Enteric a Subspecies I and Contributes to Efficient and Prolonged Fecal Shedding." lnfect Immun 68, 5 (2000): 2720-7.

Bao, S. et al. "Interferon-gamma Plays a Critical Role in Intestinal Immunity against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection." Immunology 99, 3 (2000): 464-72.

Darwin, K. H., and V. L. Miller. "Molecular Basis of the Interaction of Salmonella with the Intestinal Mucosa." Clin Microbiol Rev 12, 3 (1999): 405-28.

Everest, P. et al. "Evaluation of Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants in a Model of Experimental Gastroenteritis." Infect Immun 67, 6 (1999): 2815-21.

Van den Broeck, W. et al. "The F4 Fnnbrial Antigen of Escherichia Coli and its Receptors." Vet Microbiol 71, 3-4 (2000): 223-44.

Heczko, U., A. Abe, and B. B. Finlay. "In Vivo Interactions of Rabbit Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli 0103 With its Host: An Electron Microscopic and Histopathologic Study." Microbes Infect 2, 1 (2000): 5-16.

La Ragione, R. M., W. A. Cooley, and M. J. Woodward. "The Role of Fimbriae and Flagella in the Adherence of Avian Strains of Escherichia Coli O78:K80 to Tissue Culture Cells and Tracheal and Gut Explants." J Med Microbiol 49, 4 (2000): 327-38.

Martindale, J. et al. "Genetic Analysis of Escherichia Coli K1 Gastrointestinal Colonization." Mol Microbiol 37, 6 (2000): 1293-1305.

Phillips, A. D., et al. "Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Target Peyer's Patches in Humans and Cause Attaching/Effacing Lesions in Both Human and Bovine Intestine." Gut 47, 3 (2000): 377-81.

Sun, R. et al. "Inhibition of Adhesion of Escherichia Coli k88ac Fimbria to its Receptor, Intestinal Mucin-type Glycoproteins, by a Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against a Variable Domain of the Fimbria." Infect Immun 68, 6 (2000): 3509-15.

Jones, N. L. et al. "Escherichia Coli Shiga Toxins Induce Apoptosis in Epithelial Cells that is Regulated by the Bcl-2 Family." Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278, 5 (2000): G811-9.

Baniett Foster, D. et al. "Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Induces Apoptosis which Augments Bacterial Binding and Phosphatidylethanolamine Exposure on the Plasma Membrane Outer Leaflet." Infect Immun 68, 6 (2000): 3108-15.

Al-Majali, A. M. et al. "Characterization of the Interaction of Escherichia Coli Heat-stable Enterotoxin (STa) with its Putative Receptor on the Intestinal Tract of Newborn Calves." FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 28, 2 (2000): 97-104.

de Bernard, M. et al. "The VacA Toxin of Helicobacter Pylori Identifies a New Intermediate Filament-interacting Protein." Embo J 19, 1 (2000): 48-56.

Wessler, S. et al. "Helicobacter Pylori Activates the Histidine Decarboxylase Promoter Through a Mitogenactivated Protein Kinase Pathway Independent of Pathogenicity Island-encoded Virulence Factors." J Bioi Chem 275, 5 (2000): 3629-36.

Rasko, D. A. et al. "Cloning and Characterization of the Alpha (1,3/4) Fucosyltransferase of Helicobacter Pylori." J Bioi Chem 275, 7 (2000): 4988-94.

Donahue, J. P. et al. "Analysis of iceA 1 Transcription in Helicobacter Pylori." Helicobacter 5, 1 (2000): 1-12.

Bereswill, S., et al. "Identification and Molecular Analysis of Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms in Helicobacter Pylori." FEMS Microbiol Lett 183, 2 (2000): 241-5.

Asahi, M. et al. "Helicobacter Pylori CagA Protein can be Tyrosine Phosphorylated in Gastric Epithelial Cells [see comments]." J Exp Med 191, 4 (2000): 593-602.

Logan, S. M., et al. "Functional Genomics of Helicobacter Pylori: Identification of a Beta-1, 4 Galactosyltransferase and Generation of Mutants with Altered Lipopolysaccharide." Mol Microbiol 35, 5 (2000): 1156-67.

Morl, N. et al. "Activation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression by Helicobacter Pylori is Regulated by NF-kappaB in Gastric Epithelial Cancer Cells." Infect Immun 68, 4 (2000): 1806-14.

Beier, D., and R. Frank. "Molecular Characterization of Two-component Systems of Helicobacter Pylori." J Bacteriol 182, 8 (2000): 2068-76.

Faller, G., and T. Kirchner. "Role of Anti Gastric Autoantibodies in Chronic Helicobacter Pylori Infection." Microsc Res Tech 48, 6 (2000): 321-6.

Morgner, A. et al. "Gastric MALT Lymphoma and its Relationship to Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Management and Pathogenesis of the Disease." Microsc Res Tech 48, 6 (2000): 349-56.

Mittl, P. R. et al. "The Cysteine-rich Protein A from Helicobacter Pylori is a Beta-lactamase." J Bioi Chem 275, 23 (2000): 17693-9.

O'Rourke, E. J. et al. "A Novel 3-methyladenine DNA Glycosylase from Helicobacter Pylori Defines a New Class within the Endonuclease ill Family of Base Excision Repair Glycosylases." J Bioi Chem 275, 26 (2000): 20077-83.

Kuniyasu, H. et al. "Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Carcinogenesis of the Stomach." Langenbecks Arch Surg 385, 2 (2000): 69-74.

Byrd, J. C. et al. "Inhibition of Gastric Mucin Synthesis by Helicobacter Pylori." Gastroenterology 118, 6 (2000): 1072-9.

Beil, W. et al. "Role of VacA and CagA in Helicobacter Pylori Inhibition of Mucin Synthesis in Gastric Mucous Cells." J Clin Microbiol 38, 6 (2000): 2215-8.

Alm, R. A. et al. "Comparative Genomics of Helicobacter Pylori: Analysis of the Outer Membrane Protein Families." Infect Immun 68, 7 (2000): 4155-68.

Maeda, S. et al. "H. Pylori Activates NF-kappaB through a Signaling Pathway Involving LkappaB Kinases, NFkappaB-inducing Kinase, TRAF2, and TRAF6 in Gastric Cancer Cells." Gastroenterology 119, 1 (2000): 97108.

Endo, T. et al. "Cloning and Expression of Beta-1, 4-galactosyltransferase Gene from Helicobacter Pylori." Glycobiology 10, 8 (2000): 809-13.

Ebert, M. P. et al. "Molecular Alterations in Gastric Cancer: The Role of Helicobacter Pylori." Eur J Gastroenterol HepatoZ 12, 7 (2000): 795-8.

Monstein, H. J. et al. "Profiling of Bacterial Flora in Gastric Biopsies from Patients with Helicobacter Pylori-associated Gastritis and Histologically Normal Control Individuals by Temperature Gradient Gel Electropboresis and 16S rDNA Sequence Analysis." J Med Microbiol 49, 9 (2000): 817-22.

O'Toole, P. W., M. C. Lane, and S. Porwollik. "Helicobacter Pylori Motility." Microbes Infect 2, 10 (2000): 1207-14.

Enroth, H. et al. "Helicobacter Pylori Strain Types and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Case-control Study." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9, 9 (2000): 981-5.

Solaas, K. et al. "Subcellular Organization of Bile Acid Amidation in Human Liver: A Key Issue in Regulating the Biosynthesis of Bile Salts." J Lipid Res 41, 7 (2000): 1154-62.

Sodeman, T. et al. "Bile Salts Mediate Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Increasing Cell Surface Trafficking of Fas." Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278, 6 (2000): G992-9.

Hirohashi, T. et al. "A TP-dependent Transport of Bile SaIts by Rat Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 3 (Mrp3)." J Bioi Chem 275, 4 (2000): 2905-10.

Narain, P. K., E. J. DeMaria, and D. M. Heuman. "Cholesterol Enhances Membrane-damaging Properties of Model Bile by Increasing the Intervesicular-intermixed Micellar Concentration of Hydropbobic Bile Salts." J Surg Res 84, 1 (1999): 112-9.

Nishioka, T. et al. "Partial Replacement of Bile Salts Causes Marked Changes of Cholesterol Crystallization in Supersaturated Model Bile Systems." Biochem J 340 (Pt 2) (1999): 445-51.

Stiehl, A., C. Benz, and P. Sauer. "Mechanism of Hepatoprotective Action of Bile Salts in Liver Disease." Gastroenterol Clin North Am 28, 1 (1999): 195-209, viii.

Nakajima, T. et al. "Bile Acids Increase Intracellular Ca(2+) Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production in Vascular Endothelial Cells." Br J Pharmacol 130, 7 (2000): 1457-67.

Agellon, L. B., and E. C. Torchia. "Intracellular Transport of Bile Acids." Biochim Biophys Acta 1486, 1 (2000): 198-209.

Reyes, H., and J. Sjovall. "Bile Acids and Progesterone Metabolites in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy." Ann Med 32, 2 (2000): 94-106.

Walters, J. R. "Bile Acids are Physiological Ligands for a Nuclear Receptor." Gut 46, 3 (2000): 308-9.

Ung, K. A. et al. "Role of Bile Acids and Bile Acid Binding Agents in Patients with Collagenous Colitis." Gut 46, 2 (2000): 170-5.

Orso, E. et al. "Transport of Lipids from Golgi to Plasma Membrane is Defective in Tangier Disease Patients and Abc1-deficient Mice." Nat Genet 24, 2 (2000): 192-6.

Roy, S. et al. "Dominant-negative Caveolin Inhibits H-Ras Function by Disrupting Cholesterol-rich Plasma Membrane Domains [see comments]." Not Cell Biol 1, 2 (1999): 98-105.

Roper, K., D. Corbeil, and W. B. Huttner. "Retention of Prominin in Microvilli Reveals Distinct Cholesterol Based Lipid Micro-domains in the Apical Plasma Membrane." Nat Cell Bioi 2, 9 (2000): 582-592.

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Pralle, A. et al. "Sphingolipid-cholesterol Rafts Diffuse as Small Entities in the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Cells." J Cell Biol 148, 5 (2000): 997-1008.

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